THE
TEMPTATION OF BUDDHA BY MARA, CAVE 1
The Bodhisattva
sat under the Bodhi tree. He left that the moment of Enlightenment was approaching.
At this, Mara, the evil spirit, fearing that the Bodhisattva would gain light
and offer the path of salvation to others, decided to approach him. He tried to
persuade him to abandon his search. Then he tempted him with the prize of power.
The Bodhisattva shook his head. Then he asked his daughters to dance before him,
and lure the Bodhisattva to the life of pleasure. But the bodhisattva was not
to be turned from his path of righteousness. Then Mara summoned his Demons and
made an assault on Gautama and tried to dislodge him from his seat. The Bodhisattva
called upon the earth to bear witness to his devotion in all his previous lives.
The earth goddess responded to his appeal. Mara fled defeated. During the next
night, Gautama rose from the state of being a Bodhisattva to be the Buddha, the
enlightened One, who had achieved total understanding of everything.
Descent
of the Buddha from the Tu shita heaven, cave 7:
Before becoming the Buddha,
the bodhisattva was born as Spetaketu, a god of Tushita heaven. The Tushita heaven
was the abode of the Gods, who were satisfied and content.
In this paradise,
Spetaketu prepared for the four examinations he would have to go through before
he could become the Buddha. These examinations were to take place at a certain
time, in the continent, country and family, in which he would be born for the
last time. At last he that the propitious time had come and that he would be borne
in the continent of Jambu-India, in the country of magadha, Bihar to maya, queen
of suddhodhana, the head of the sakya clan.
SUTASAMA
JATAKA CAVE 16 AND 17
In a previous incarnation, the bodhisattva came
to life as the child of the king of indapatta. His name was Sutasama. A famous
teacher of a taxilla taught the prince all the parts and sciences. And, in time,
he succeeded to the throne of his father.
One day when Sutasama was coming
out of a lotus pond after his bath, he was seized by a man-eating robber and carried
away. Sutasama persuaded the cannibal, to let him go and pray and offerings of
flowers to the enlightened One and he promised to come back afterwards.
The
man-eating robber was surprised that sutasama returned the next morning. The robber,
who had been a fellow student of the Bodhisattva at taxilla and then king of benares
till he turned into a cannibal was converted by the preaching of the bodhisattva.
And thus he was restored to his kingdom of benares.
SHADA-DANTA
JATAKA, CAVE17
Once upon a time, the bodhisattva was born as the son of
the chief elephant of a big herd of eight thousands in Himalayas. He lived near
the lake shaddanta, in a golden cave, in the midst of white lilies, and blue,
white red lotuses, surrounded by a forest of a thick vegatation. This elephant
was 82 cubits high and 120 cubits long. He had trunk like a silver rope. He had
two queens. By chance he offended one of them. She prayed that she might be born
as beautiful princess. Then she hoped to tell her husband, the king, to send a
hunter with poisoned arrow, to slay the elephant, so that he tusks, which gave
forth six color rays, to bring to her. She under took a long fast and thus died.
And lo! She was reborn and became queen of a benaras. And now she carried out
her wicked plans. A hunter was sent to kill a royal elephant with a poisoned arrow.
He traveled seven years and succeeded in his aim.
But he was unable to cut
off the tusks. The elephant himself pulled out his tusks and gave them to the
hunter, so that his meritorious act may causes him to attain another birth as
a bodhisattva. When the tusks were brought to the queen, she held them in her
lap. She then remembered her former life and knew that the tusks belonged to her
lord. She was broken hearted and died that very day. The six rays of the tusks
are supposed to indicate light.
VISVANTARA
JATAKA, CAVE 17
Sanjay, son of king Sibi, had a queen called Pusati. He
had a son by her called Visvantara. The fortune-tellers had foretold that he would
be a devotee, who would give away every thing in aims. When he was child, ha said
to his mother: "I wish to make some gift. Is there anything I can give away?"
She gave him a purse of money, which he distributed to beggars. When he was eight
years old, he wished to give away his life also. But his mother prevented him.
As he grew up, he gave all that he got as a prince, in alms, even his magic elephant
and his jewels. The people were with Visvantara for giving a costly elephant away.
His father tried to save his life by banishing him from the kingdom. He was sent
with his wife, princess madari and his children.
On the away, he gave away
the horses of the chariot in which his wife and boy and girl were traveling, to
four Brahmins. His children were given away to a bramhin called Jujeka, who was
cruel to them, around them hand and feet and them.
The Brahmins left them
there, while he himself climbed on a tree, for fear of the wild beasts. The God
took pity on the on the children of visvantara. Disguised as their father and
mother, he came every night and tended and fed them. But he put them in chains
in the morning. The Brahmin took them to their grandfather's court, where they
were recognized. The Brahmin was paid a ransom. The great God, Sakara, feeling
that visvantara would give away even his wife, decided to ask for her himself,
to prevent her being given away. At the end, Visvantara and his wife were summoned
by the king Sanjay and queen Pusati and restored to their children and given royal
honors.
SHAMA JATAKA, CAVE 17
Once
upon a time, the bodhisattva was born as the son of a hunter and his wife. He
was named Subanna Shyama. The old couple had renounced life. But, for some sins
committed their previous births, they both lost their eyes. So they came dependent
on their son, Shyama. The served the helpless parents with great devotion. One
day, when Shyama went to fetch water from the river, the king of banaras mistook
him for a deer and shot him with a poisoned arrow. The bodhisattva, Shyama was
full of sorrow. He did not know who was look after his father and mother. The
king was deeply affected by his cries. A Goddess came and not only restore life
to Shyama, but gave the eyesight back to his blind parents.
SIMHALA
AVADANA, CAVE 17
This scene was at one time supposed to narrate the leading
of king Vijaya in Ceylon. Anyhow the following episode are shown:
The shipwreck;
The life of pleasure of simhala with the
Yakshinis or tree spirits;
The
escape through the air on the back of the big white horse, valaha
The pursuit
by his wife, the rakshi;
The entrance of the latter in to the palace of
The king of simha kilpa;
The sad end of the latter and of his courte;
The courage of simhala in winning the throne;
And, last of all the expedition
which he
Under took against the inhabitants of the island
Where his boat
had been wrecked.
QUEEN MAYA'S DREAM
Queen Maya was forewarned, in a marvelous dream, about the birth to her of a great
son. She saw that a white six-tusked elephant entered her right side. She told
her husband about the dream. The astrologers were consulted. One of them told
her, that she would have a son, bearing the 32 marks of a great man. This prince
would become a universal king, if he stayed at home. But if he shaved off his
hair and beard and left home in an orange-colored robe, he would become the perfectly
enlightened Buddha.